A comparison of the similarities and differences between behaviourism and psychoanalysis

What the Board expects you to know:

What the Board expects you to know: Risk factors in the development of addiction, including genetic vulnerability, stress, personality, family influences and peers. Explanations for nicotine addiction: Explanations for gambling addiction: Most of these only consider addiction to drugs chemical addictionfor example: However, loss of control is subjective and raises ethical issues since it suggests a certain level of culpability and blame.

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To fully understand the process of addiction we need to consider the full range of psychological, biological, social and cultural variables, as well as consider the individual.

Behavioural addictions Can behavioural addictions such as gambling be classified similarly to chemical addiction? Clinical criteria of addiction Carnes A behaviour that is out of control Severe consequences Inability to stop despite these consequences Persistent pursuit of self-destructive or risky behaviour Desire to stop the behaviour Use of the behaviour as a coping strategy Increasing levels of the behaviour needed to get the same effect tolerance Lots of time spent both in trying to engage in the behaviour as well as recovery Severe mood changes when carrying out the behaviour Social, occupational, and recreational activities sacrificed Characteristics of an addiction Griffiths believes there to be six main characteristics to an addiction.

The Board has condensed these into the following: Physical and Psychological Dependence Physical dependence centres on the withdrawal symptoms experienced when the behavior or the drug stops.

In fact it is only when these symptoms are experienced that we can be certain that physical dependence has occurred.

Generally these include anxiety, pain, irritability and shaking. Psychological dependence or salience when the behaviour becomes the most important thing to the person. From the moment the addict wakes up their thinking is dominated by their next fix.

Alcohol and nicotine addicts tend not to be so obvious in this regard, since they are able to combine their addiction with other behaviours in social settings. However, once deprived of their fix, salience becomes far more apparent. Tolerance Usually associated with chemical addiction such as alcohol or heroin, this one can also be applied to behaviours.

Basically the addict needs bigger and bigger hits to get the same effect as they did initially with smaller amounts.

A gambler will need to take bigger risks and place larger bets. There is also cross-tolerance when tolerance to one chemical such as alcohol or nicotine results in larger doses of other chemicals, including medication. The best example is alcoholics who need larger doses of anaesthetic to render them unconscious.

Withdrawal Syndrome Refers to the collection of symptoms that are experienced when the addiction is not being fed. Essentially these are the opposite of what the drug itself creates and usually involve pain, stress and anxiety. This collection of symptoms provides the motivation for maintenance via the process of negative reinforcement.

The addict gets a rush or buzz when engaged in the behaviour. The addict is also able to use their behaviour to bring about a mood change. Interestingly, the same chemical or behaviour can alter mood in different directions depending on time or setting.

Nicotine can stimulate in the morning or relax before sleep. The pursuit of short term pleasure can cause conflict with other; parents, spouse, friends and can also result in conflict within the person. Griffiths believes that all six need to be present for a diagnosis of addiction.Goldsmiths, University of London is in South East London.

We offer undergraduate and postgraduate degrees as well as teacher training (PGCE), Study Abroad and short courses. Abstract. Policy interventions that affect or are mediated through the family typically assume a behavioural response.

Policy analyses proceeding from different disciplinary bases may come to quite different conclusions about the effects of policies on families, .

Goldsmiths, University of London is in South East London. We offer undergraduate and postgraduate degrees as well as teacher training (PGCE), Study Abroad and short courses. Social Science Dictionary with a Durkheim bias, linked to Andrew Roberts' Social Science History. The Psychodynamic Approach - The Psychodynamic Approach Henry is a man who often finds it difficult to distinguish between reality and fantasy.

The Psychodynamic Approach - The Psychodynamic Approach Henry is a man who often finds it difficult to distinguish between reality and fantasy. Difference between psychoanalysis and behaviorism is a topic worth studying for every psychology student.

Psychology being a discipline that studies the behavior and mental processes of human beings uses a number of approaches to comprehend the diverse behavioral patterns and thoughts of individuals. Differences Between an Adn and a Bsn The Differences Between an Associate Degree Nurse and a Baccalaureate Degree Nurse Grand Canyon University Although the Associate degree in Nursing and the Bachelors degree in nursing ultimately lead to a nursing profession in the health care industry, there are many differences between them.

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Distinguishing between science and non-science is referred to as the demarcation problem. For example, should psychoanalysis be considered science? How about so-called creation science, the inflationary multiverse hypothesis, or macroeconomics? Karl Popper called this the central question in the philosophy of science.

However, no unified account of the problem has won acceptance among.